Disclosing Your Immigration Status
Many students worry about disclosing their undocumented status when talking to school counselors. Legally, public schools in the US may not disclose immigration status or several other pieces of privileged information without express written permission of a parent, under a law known as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA. FERPA covers information which is valuable to schools, but could potentially be used in harmful ways, such as contact information, disciplinary history, and schedules. This law allows students to trust schools with the data that they need to operate without feeling like they're putting themselves at risk. It is also worth noting that immigration enforcement agencies are not allowed to operate on the grounds of public schools, and public schools are only required to comply with their requests when served a judicial subpoena.
With that said, it is very important to be honest about your immigration status with school advisers when it comes to applying so they have the context they need to serve you best. Undocumented students without social security numbers, for example, cannot receive federal student aid, but they may be able to receive aid from states, depending on where they currently reside. Many universities also have specially designed programs to support undocumented students, which can make your time in college much less stressful. There are also a small number of states, namely South Carolina and Alabama, where undocumented students are barred from attending public universities at all, so advisers may need to know your status to prevent accidental exposure by applying to such a state's universities.
DACA Protection
Beginning June 15, 2012, the Obama Administration announced a policy known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. DACA was intended to cover children who were brought into the US by their parents, but had lived their entire lives in America and often considered themselves Americans. Many of these children would have no way of knowing they were undocumented until the time came to apply for college or a driver's license. DACA provides these people, known as Dreamers, with a pathway to citizenship and access to higher education.
To qualify for DACA, a student must:- Have been under 31 years of age on June 15, 2012
- Have arrived in the US prior to their 16th birthday
- Have resided continuously in the US for five years (since June 15, 2007)
- Have been present in the US on June 15, 2012
- Not have lawful status
- Have graduated from high school, earned a GED, or been honorably discharged from the Armed Forces
- Have not been convicted of felonies or significant misdemeanors. Up to 3 minor misdemeanors may be excused, so long as the individual represents no threat.
Students who can demonstrate all of these qualifications may apply for DACA status, which is valid for two years and renewable.
Recent Developments
On September 5, 2017, the Trump Administration announced its intention to 'phase out' the DACA program, which was quickly challenged in the courts. On June 18, 2020, the Supreme Court upheld DACA, protecting thousands of DREAMERS from deportation. President Biden has announced his dedication to upholding DACA and providing DREAMERS a path to citizenship. For the time being, the program is operating as it has been, while still venerable. With this in mind, we recommend reviewing the legal resources at the end of this guide to confirm your eligibility and options moving forward.Choosing the Right School
There are a number of things which students must consider when applying to colleges, and that's especially true for undocumented students. As mentioned above, public universities in South Carolina and Alabama are barred from accepting undocumented students, and several other states preclude them from receiving the more affordable in-state tuition rates. These are some of the most important things to take into account when deciding on schools, but there are a number of other factors to consider, such as diversity, proximity to support systems such as family, support programs offered by universities, and more, which are explained in greater detail below.
School Support Programs For Undocumented Students
As part of a concerted effort to assist undocumented students and encourage them to pursue higher education, many universities and even entire university systems offer support programs designed to aid undocumented students. The University of California system, for example, provides free immigration legal assistance to all students and their immediately family, ensuring that they have the expertise to navigate this complicated area of law available to them. Universities may also offer in-house scholarships reserved for undocumented students, which can be either need-based or merit-based. The University of Colorado at Denver is one such school, offering a Student Relief Fund for undocumented students, provided they can demonstrate their need and maintain academic performance. This kind of assistance can be extraordinarily helpful for undocumented students, as they are more likely to be working full-time while also taking classes, leaving little time to study or do homework, which can potentially put their performance at risk. Other forms of assistance can come from officially recognized student organizations which relate to your ancestry or immigration, such as emotional support and camaraderie.
Minority-Serving Institutions
Minority-serving institutions (MSI) are colleges or universities which meet federal criteria for enrollment of a percentage of a specific demographic population. Because being a Minority-Serving Institution is a federal designation, there is no such category which caters towards undocumented students in general. However, many HSIs and other Minority-Serving Institutions are familiar with the struggles faced by undocumented students at the post-secondary level, and may have unique insight into assisting you through college if you choose to apply.
Hispanic-Serving Institutions
A
The Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities, or HACU, is an organization which was key to encouraging Congress to establish the HSI program, and works in other Latin American and Spanish-speaking countries as well as the US and Puerto Rico. The HACU has 298 members recognized as HSIs within the US. Excelencia in Education is an organization founded in 2004, which also maintains a list of HSIs and promotes education policies which assist Latin American students. Their list is easily searchable, and contains all 539 recognized HSIs, as well as 'emerging HSIs', which have a Hispanic student ratio of 15-24.9 percent.
Below, you can find a list of the 30 largest HSIs in the country, determined by the number of total enrolled students at the school:
- California State Polytechnic University - Pomona
- California State University - Fresno
- California State University - Fullerton
- California State University - Long Beach
- California State University - Los Angeles
- California State University - Northridge
- California State University - Sacramento
- California State University - San Bernardino
- Florida Atlantic University
- Florida International University
- Lone Star College Montgomery
- Miami Dade College
- San Diego State University
- San Francisco State University
- San Jose State University
- Texas State University
- Texas Tech University
- University of Arizona
- University of California - Irvine
- University of California - Santa Barbara
- University of California - Santa Cruz
- University of Central Florida
- University of Houston
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- University of Nevada - Las Vegas
- University of North Texas
- University of Texas - Arlington
- University of Texas - San Antonio
- University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley
- Valencia College
Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions
Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (
Institutions qualify for ANNAPISI grants by meeting the following criteria:
❶ A minimum of 10% of undergraduate students are Asian American and Pacific Islanders.
❷ A minimum of 50% of degree-seeking applicants must receive some form of federal financial assistance.
❸ Have applied for, and been deemed eligible for, ANNAPISI grants.
- American River College
- American Samoa Community College
- Bunker Hill Community College
- California State University - East Bay
- California State University - Sacramento
- Century College
- City College of San Francisco
- Coastline Community College
- CUNY Hunter College
- CUNY Queens College
- De Anza College
- Evergreen Valley College
- Foothill College
- Guam Community College
- Highline Community College
- Irvine Valley College
- Laney College
- Middlesex Community College
- Mission College
- Mt. San Antonio College
- Northern Marianas College
- Orange Coast College
- Palau Community College
- Richland College
- San Francisco State University
- San Jose State University
- Santa Monica College
- South Seattle College
- University of California - Irvine
- University of Guam
- University of Hawaii at Hilo
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- University of Maryland - College Park
- University of Massachusetts - Boston
- University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
- University of Nevada - Las Vegas
Universities with these designations are more likely to have offices that support diversity, clubs aimed at assisting DACA recipients, and other forms of assistance that help undocumented students. The University of California Irvine, for example, is classified as both an AANAPISI and HSI, and features a special office known as the UCI Dream Center, which is dedicated to aiding undocumented students specifically. The Dream Center offers scholarships, academic help, support groups, special art groups, and other forms of assistance to ensure that undocumented students reach graduation. While not all MSIs will have such extensive support, many will offer at least a few comparable services.
Online Degrees
Another option which may be worth considering for undocumented students is pursuing
College Application Checklist
Students applying to colleges have a number of things to consider, and a large amount of information they'll need to have on hand. While guides on the basics of applying are quite easy to find, guides which tailor to the needs of undocumented students are much rarer by comparison. As such, this checklist will cover a number of the things that you might need, or which will increase your odds of acceptance.
Research. Begin looking at colleges and universities which will be a good fit for you. Factors to consider might be proximity to home and support systems, available college majors and programs, and funding assistance. Having a list of colleges to consider will help reduce the total number of applications you need to file, as well as give you a better idea of the other requirements you may need to meet, such as test scores.
Prepare to write admissions essays.
Admissions essays, which are an important part of your college applications, are are one way which universities use to get to know applicants better and ensure that they will be a good fit. For undocumented students, difficulties are often a regular part of life, and so provided that you are comfortable discussing them, these experiences can make for powerful and convincing essays. Difficulties which make good subject matter for essays include work experience while attending high school, taking on familial responsibilities such as watching younger siblings, or occasions where you have experienced discrimination. What college admissions offices are typically looking for is proof that you can persevere and maintain academic success. Try to highlight how you were able to balance these responsibilities and hardships without allowing your schoolwork to fall behind. Apply for scholarships. One of the key points for many scholarships is the ability to demonstrate financial need, so as to ensure that the funds are going to those who will benefit from it most. Federal tax returns are the most commonly requested documents, but undocumented students may have difficulty obtaining these. If you are no longer dependent on your parents, then it is possible to use your own tax returns. Some scholarships and other financial aid applications, particularly those aimed at undocumented students or low-income populations, may accept alternative forms of documentation to demonstrate need, such as bank statements. The most flexible will simply ask for household income, the number of family members supported by this income, and the number of students who may be attending college that school year. It may also be possible to ask the award giving organization for exceptions or alternative documentation to demonstrate need, if none of the above is possible.
Request recommendation letters. Not all schools or programs require letters of recommendation, but these letters are one of the more challenging items for undocumented students to acquire, as many of the people they may wish to use as references have limited English skills which makes a formal letter tough to write. Most school admissions offices will accept letters written in languages other than English, provided it is accompanied by a translation. Schools will typically request no more than three letters, although they may want specific topics covered, or to have the letter tailored towards their program in particular. It is usually best to review these requirements prior to asking for letters of recommendation so as not to inconvenience your reference.
A Note For ESL Students Applying for College
Applicants to American universities are expected to meet a certain level of English literacy in order to attend their classes and complete their work on time. While this is typically only necessary for international students, undocumented students may also need to demonstrate proficiency. Many universities require students who do not speak English as their first language to take standardized tests assessing their English abilities. These tests commonly consist of four sections: reading, writing, speaking, and listening.
The most common of these is the Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL. The TOEFL exam is well trusted by admissions departments and specially calibrated to test English as it is used in everyday speech, rather than relying on obscure grammatical rules.
Another language testing exam that's commonly accepted is the International English Language Testing System, or IELTS. The IELTS is more focused on international students, and may not be as useful for undocumented students who learned English as a second language. Still, there are over 50 IELTS testing centers within the US, should you feel this is a better test for you.
Certain colleges and universities may have other means of testing English proficiency. For example, the University of California at Los Angeles requires students who scored below a 100 on TOEFL to take an English placement test known as the ESLPE. These kinds of placement exams are mostly used by writing-heavy programs, where a particularly in-depth knowledge of the language may be required. For undergraduates, SAT or ACT scores are sometimes an option, with the required score on the reading section typically being between 410 and 510 on the SAT, or 20 or higher on the ACT.
State Aid
Unfortunately, undocumented students are at a disadvantage when it comes to paying for college, since they are not eligible to receive federal student aid. This can make funding higher education an intimidating prospect, as a large number of college students rely on this federal student aid to pay tuition. There are, however, some avenues for funding which undocumented students may be able to pursue, and some states which are attempting to support the efforts of undocumented students to obtain higher education.
In 17 states, there are provisions in state law which allow undocumented students to receive lower in-state tuition rates at public universities, state-level financial aid, or a combination of both.
States that provide in-state tuition rates
- Arkansas
- Connecticut
- Florida
- Illinois
- Kansas
- Maryland
- Nebraska
- New Jersey
- New York
- Utah
States that offer state-level financial aid and in-state tuition rates
- California
- Colorado
- Minnesota
- New Mexico
- Oregon
- Texas
- Washington
Two other states, Oklahoma and Rhode Island, have a Board of Regents which may grant in-state tuition rates for certain students. Additionally, for those students covered under DACA, Virginia offers in-state tuition rates as well.
FAFSA
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a standard form for filing for need-based financial aid; while most of the aid available through the FAFSA itself will not be available to undocumented students, the application is also commonly used by colleges and private scholarship providers as a means of proving financial need. The most important thing required by the FAFSA which undocumented students are unlikely to have is a social security number. However, certain students covered under DACA may be able to obtain social security numbers, in which case they can file the application like other students.
While federal aid will remain unavailable, a completed FAFSA can help with obtaining state support, if available, as well as college and private scholarship opportunities. To fill out the FAFSA, it will be necessary to provide your real, permanent legal state of residence, as well as family income information. When the form requests social security numbers for an undocumented student's parents, the student may fill out the form with 000-00-0000; without a social security number, however, parents will be unable to sign the form electronically, requiring it to be printed, signed manually, and sent through the mail instead. Tax documents are the ideal source of income information, but if a student's family made less than the required amount to file, then the information may be filled out manually. If the undocumented student is financially independent, then parental information is not necessary.
Alternative Credit Options
If federal aid is unavailable to you, it is best to try to acquire as many college credits as you can before enrolling. Many high schools within the US offer means of obtaining these credits for free, or at severely reduced cost, allowing students to fulfill both high school and college requirements at the same time. Advanced Placement (AP) courses are classes which are designed to accomplish this in a variety of subjects, and are commonly offered across the US. Taking AP courses can also help when applying for colleges, as it is often seen as a sign of ambition and a desire to learn. To receive college credit for an AP course, it is necessary to pass the standardized AP exam for that course, which is administered at the end of each semester. AP courses can benefit you by either providing you with 'advanced placement,' essentially allowing students to skip corresponding introductory courses, or credit, wherein the AP course counts towards the credit hours needed to graduate, or both. AP exams are scored on a 1 to 5 scale, with a score of at least 3 needed to be considered for credit or advanced placement. While it does typically cost money to take an AP exam, the cost is significantly lower than that of credit hours at a university. There are a variety of other prior learning assessments as well that students can take in order to earn college credits at a lower cost.
Some high schools also have agreements with nearby universities and community colleges to allow students to take college-level courses as part of their high school education, which is usually referred to as Dual Enrollment. The goal of dual credit is to minimize redundancy of courses between high school and college, as well as allow students to acquire credits prior to graduating high school, which can reduce the overall cost of college. They also have the added benefit of allowing students to acclimate to college courses and the expectations of them, without having substantial amounts of tuition money on the line.
Yet another option is the College Level Examination Program tests, or CLEP. A CLEP test is a multiple choice, computer-based exam which can be used to test out of college requirements and obtain credit for them based on what you already know. There are 34 different CLEP tests, covering a number of topics. These are often general education courses which are expected of all students, and so the knowledge required is very consistent across universities. One key advantage of CLEP tests is that they are available to everyone, not just high school students, and thus may be one of the only options for obtaining college credit for working adults. Not all universities accept CLEP scores for placing out of general education, and the necessary scores can vary, so check with the colleges you've been accepted to before taking them.
Scholarships for Undocumented Students
There are also a number of scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and other funding opportunities which you may be eligible for, depending on factors like grades, extracurricular activities, or even nationality of your parents. The scholarships listed below are accessible to undocumented students, with some even designed for them specifically since many other scholarships may exclude them.
The Cesar Chavez Educational Fund
The
The Que Llueva Café scholarship
The Chicano Organizing and Research in Education (CORE) group offers the
The Golden Door Scholarship
The
Los Hermanos de Stanford Scholarship
The
The Anhelo Project Dream Scholarship
The
TheDream.US Scholarships
The second is the opportunity scholarship, available to those who have DACA, TPS or meet immigration eligibility criteria but live in states where in-state tuition is unavailable, as well as admission to an Opportunity Partner College. The opportunity scholarship is worth up to $80,000. The opportunity scholarship's applicants must be from a state where they are required to pay out-of-state rates, or are not allowed to attend public universities at all, have graduated from high school in that state, have taken the SAT or ACT, intend to start a bachelor's degree program at an opportunity partner school, and have financial need. Opportunity scholarship partner schools are listed as Delaware State University, Christian Brothers University, Eastern Connecticut State University, and the Trinity Washington University, a women's college in DC.
Both scholarships typically open applications in November of each year, and will accept through January 30 for the opportunity scholarship, or February 27 for the national scholarship.
Campus Life
Many organizations have sprouted to help provide undocumented students with support as they embark on the quest to earn a degree. Student organizations can offer a sense of belonging, and connect students with similar experiences, reminding them that they are not alone in this struggle. Below are just a few of the student organizations which may be able to help you once you begin taking classes.
DREAMer Clubs
Many colleges across the country, but particularly in the southwestern US, are home to
UndocuAlly Training Programs
The
Hispanic/Latino Student Alliance
While the name may vary slightly from school to school, the goal of the
Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán
Peer Mentoring Programs for Undocumented Students
Undocumented students can benefit from a number of mentorship opportunities offered through individual schools and non-profit programs. Some of these connect them with peers who have gone through what they're going through and others provide professional or faculty mentors to ease the transition. Check with your target schools to see if they offer similar programs to the ones below.
Portland Community College's DREAM Project
Portland Community College's DREAM Project is a mentorship program designed to help undocumented students who are new to the campus overcome the unique challenges of higher education. Mentors are Dreamers who have successfully transitioned to PCC. Mentees have the chance to learn the PCC system, explore career options and even take on leadership roles.
EY College MAP (Mentoring for Access and Persistence)
Ernst & Young's College Mentoring for Access and Persistence (MAP) is a mentorship program that's active in 35 underserved cities around the country. MAP connects undocumented students with volunteer mentors (who are also professionals at EY). These mentors help high school juniors and seniors start preparing for the transition to college by offering help with financial aid, choosing a school, practicing professional skills and preparing for college life.
Pomona College's Improving Dreams Equality Access and Success
Undocumented students at Pamona College in Claremont, California can utilize the school's Improving Dreams Equality Access and Success (IDEAS) student mentor program. Student mentors are undocumented/DACA students themselves and can offer connections to resources both on- and off-campus and offer invaluable advice on navigating the college experience.
Metropolitan State University of Denver Immigrant Services Program Peer Mentoring
The Metropolitan State University of Denver offers academic and social support to undocumented students through its Immigrant Services Program. As a part of this program, every student is connected with a peer mentor who can help with tutoring, study skills, applying for scholarships and other tips for being successful as a college student.
Legal Resources for Undocumented Students
The legal situation surrounding undocumented students can be extremely complex, and constantly changes as the tides of politics shift back and forth. Students who need legal assistance and advice regarding their immigration status, or a number of other related issues, may want to consider reaching out to the following organizations for assistance.
National Immigrant Justice Center
The
The Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund
The Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund (
East Bay Community Law Center
The